Tariffs protected capitalists and their workers from foreign competition. The gold standard linked money to this scarce precious metal so that debtors never got a break from inflation. The Republicans' major issues were support for the gold-standard and high tariffs. 2) 1896: A Bitter Fight Over Economic Interest By then, national nominating conventions had become well established. On March 4 1801, the transition from Adams to Jefferson marked the first peaceful transfer of power between parties via the electoral process in world history. The problems was that Jefferson and Burr ended up tied for first and this meant the Federalist-controlled House of Reps have to decide these two candidates. Not wanting Adams to be his vice president, Jefferson made sure than all his electors also voted for his vp choice- Aaron Burr of NY. In the original constitutional system, each elector cast two ballots, top vote became president and runner up became vice president. The focus of the campaign was not on voters but rather on the state legislatures, which had the responsibility for choosing members of the electoral college. Fed news portrayed Jefferson as a Bible-burning atheist, father of mulatto children. Partisan newspapers tried to denounce the oppositions. At that time, however, newspapers were little concerned with dignity or honesty for that matter. Campaigning was considered below the dignity of the presidential office. Once nominated, the candidates sat back and let their state and local organizations promote their cause. Both incumbent President John Adams and challenger Thomas Jefferson were nominated by their parties' elected representatives in Congress- Federalist Adams and Democratic Republican Jefferson. Prop 209-end affirmative action in Cal.ฤก) 1800: The First Electoral Transition of Power No primaries, no nominating conventions, no candidate speeches, and no entourage of reporters back then. Cal Prop 13 in 1978-limit on the rise in property taxes. In this way, citizens can force a decision on an issue on which state legislatures have failed to act. Initiative petitions are often portrayed as lawmaking from the ground up, with the people taking charge of the political agenda. The second method is through an initiative petition, which typically requires gaining signatures on a proposed law equal to 10 percent of the number of voters in the previous election. ![]() The first is via a referendum, whereby voters are given the chance to approve or disapprove some legislative act, bond issue, or constitutional amendment proposed by the legislature. There are two methods for getting items on a state ballot. Procedures allowing the public to pass legislation directly have been in effect for quite some time in many American states. 1) Election on specific policy questions At present, there is no constitutional provision for specific policy questions to be decided by a nationwide vote. 3 general kinds of elections: 1) Primary elections in which voters select party nominees, 2) general elections that are contested between the nominees of the parties, and 3) elections on specific policy questions in which voters engage in making or ratifying legislations.
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